ABSTRACT
Background: The most common cause of cancer related death among women in the world is Breast cancer (BCa). Almost Every year, approximately 1,300,000 cases and 450,000 deaths are related with Carcinoma of Breast are reported worldwide. The incidence of invasive Carcinoma of Breast and mortality in American women in 2017 was 252,710 and 40,610 respectively as quoted by a study. According to latest survey conducted by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in India, there were an estimated 150,000 new cases of Carcinoma of Breast in the year 2016. The rise in both Carcinoma of Breast incidence and mortality, therefore, necessitates an examination of risk factors associated with this disease. Molecular subtypes-based classification system characterized by the presence or absence of immunohistochemical expressions like Progesterone receptor (PR), Estrogen receptor (ER), and Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) may show certain limitations. The gene encoding ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme,) in humans is located in the chromosome 17 (17q23), consisting of 26 exons and 25 introns and spanning 21 kb. ACE is a zinc dependent dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase which catalyzes conversion of inactive decapeptide Angiotensin I (Ang I) to active octapeptide Ang II . Ang II mediates physiological effects by binding to two subtypes of the receptors, AGTR1 and Angiotensin II receptor type II (AGTR2), which belongs to superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).So, keeping all these physiological effects in mind, this study was conducted to see the role of ACE gene in carcinoma of breast. Methods: From confirm and control cases 3.0 ml of venous blood from each study subject was collected in an EDTA vial. Genomic DNA was extracted by phenol-chloroform method. The genotyping was performed by using PCR (Polymerase Chain reaction), using gene-specific primers. The resulting PCR products were separated on 2% agarose gels using ethidium bromide stain and visualized under UV light. The clinicopathologic parameters of breast cancer patients were obtained from medical records. Results: Of the 10 patients, 3 (30%) had Deletion/deletion genotype DD, 6 (60%) had ID, and 1 (10%) had II genotypes. In control subjects, 2 (20%) had DD, 6 (60%) had ID, and 2 (20%) had II genotypes. Conclusion: The results showed no significant association of ACE gene polymorphism with breast cancer (p>0.05). There is a necessity to conduct large-scale studies with adequate methodological quality and larger sample size in order to come to a definitive conclusion.
ABSTRACT
Background:The patients who have done CABG are prone to pulmonary complications. Various physiotherapy man-agement is present for prevention of lung complication. Literature shows lots of technique as treatment of choice, incentive spirometry is one of them. AIM: To asses immediate effect of incentive spirometry on arterial blood gas analysis in patient recently underwent coronary artery bypass surgery. Method:There was 30 patients. Blood was drawn from arterial line for pre-treatment ABG. Incentive spirometry was given 10 reps and 3 sets. Patient was prop up 30-40 degree. Romsons tri colour volume spirometry is used. Mouthpiece was placed in patient’s mouth and made a good seal over the mouthpiece with lips. Exhaled through nose normally then breathe in slowly through mouth. Ball in the incentive spirometer will go up. The patient to hold or rise the ball as high as possible and hold it for 3 or 5 seconds the slowly exhale. This was done for 10 to 15 times. Blood was drawn from arterial line for post treatment ABG. Result: There was statistically extremely significant change in value of PaO2 (112.54 ±39.46 vs133.01 ±42.13) p value <0.0001, PaCO2 (38.75 ±4.2 vs 36.9 ±3.7) p value 0.0003 and SaO2 (96.8 ±1.84 vs 98.93 ±1.11) p val-ue <0.0001 Conclusion:This study shows that there is immediate effect of Incentive Spirometry on ABG analysis in CABG surgery patient by significant improvement of PaO2 and SaO2 and decrease in PaCO2
ABSTRACT
Dithranol belongs to the keratolytic category, which is widely used drug in the treatment of psoriasis. The drug is practically insoluble in water. Many conventional dosage forms for psoriasis treatment have been have been formulated earlier, but they did not show good results. Hence in the present study, it was attempted to formulate dithranol in the form of solid lipid nanoparticle. Solid lipid nanoparticles of dithranol were obtained by adaption of lipid dispersion method. Preformulation studies were performed to check the compatibility of drug and excepient for the preparation of formulation by DSC and no interaction was found. Solubility study, partition coefficient determination, UV analysis, HPLC study, FTIR study were also performed. After the preformulation studies Dithranol loaded solid lipid nanoparticles was also prepared. Hence it was concluded that solid lipid nanoparticle of dithranol could be formulated.